Beryllium oxide ceramics Pure beryllium oxide (BeO) belongs to the cubic crystal system with a density of 3.03 g/cm³ and a melting point of 2570℃. It has very high thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity is almost equivalent to copper, pure aluminum, thermal conductivity λ in the range of 200-250 W/(m · K), and has good thermal shock resistance. Its dielectric constant is 6 ~ 7 at 0.1 MHz, and the dielectric loss Angle tangent value is about 4×10⁻⁴ (at 0.1 GHz). However, its biggest disadvantage is that its powder is highly toxic, and once it comes into contact with the wound, it will make the wound difficult to heal.
This kind of ceramic is made of beryllium oxide powder as raw material, adding alumina and other ingredients, and sintering at high temperature. Due to the high toxicity of beryllium oxide powder, the manufacture of such ceramics must be equipped with good protective measures. In addition, beryllium oxide in the high temperature medium environment containing water vapor, volatilization will be significantly increased, starting from 1000℃ volatilization, and as the temperature rises, the volatilization continues to increase, which causes many difficulties to the actual production, resulting in some countries have stopped production. However, due to the excellent performance of beryllium oxide products, even if the price is high, there is still considerable market demand.
The sintering temperature is above 1900℃, in order to effectively reduce the sintering temperature, the conventional practice is to add a small amount of alumina and magnesium oxide in the raw material, and then form a ternary low eutectic phase with beryllium oxide (low eutectic temperature is 1640℃). However, it should be noted that the addition of magnesium oxide and alumina will cause the thermal conductivity of beryllium oxide ceramics to decrease. By adjusting the sintering system properly, the grain structure can be controlled, and the density, thermal conductivity and strength of the ceramics can be improved.
The most outstanding performance of beryllium oxide ceramics is that it has a large thermal conductivity, in the range of 250-325 watts/(m · K), the value is similar to aluminum, reaching 6-10 times that of alumina, it is a dielectric material with unique electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. It also has the advantages of low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and good process adaptability. Because of this, beryllium oxide ceramics are widely used in many fields such as special metallurgy, vacuum electronics technology, nuclear technology, microelectronics and optoelectronics technology, especially in the field of high-power semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, microwave electric vacuum devices and nuclear reactors, and has always been the preferred mainstream ceramic material for the preparation of high thermal conductivity components.
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